Sources · Tirzepatide
Full citation list — every figure on this site traces here
Peer-reviewed publications, with DOIs and PubMed URLs.
Peer-reviewed sources
Tirzepatide references — see the full indexed list below. Every quantitative claim on this site is cited to one of these sources.
- Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. ↗
- Sattar N, et al. Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):591-598. ↗
- Mahar MU, et al. The Effects of Tirzepatide on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2024. ↗
- Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. ↗
- Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018;18:3-14. ↗
- Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. ↗
- Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020;5(17):e140532. ↗
- Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
- Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. ↗
- Nicholls SJ, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
- Dahl D, et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-5). Lancet. 2021. ↗
- Thomas MK, et al. Tirzepatide as Monotherapy Improved Markers of Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-1). J Endocr Soc. 2023;7(6):bvad056. ↗
- Wharton S, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events and weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide in the SURPASS trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024. ↗